Easy2Siksha Sample Papers
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Quesons
B.Com 5th Semester
E-COMMERCE
(Based on 3-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend Analysis: 2022–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Introducon & Basics of E-Commerce)
1. Challenges and Limitaons of E-Commerce (3 Times)
2022 (Q2), 2023 (Q2), 2024 (Q1)
This queson always appears in Secon A; examiner tests conceptual
understanding of drawbacks and barriers.
Focus Areas: Security issues, technology barriers, lack of trust, legal issues.
100% Repeon – Guaranteed for 2025
2. E-Commerce – Meaning, Features, and Scope (2 Times)
2022 (Q1), 2023 (Q1)
Usually asked as a start-of-paper theory queson; somemes replaced with
“Disnguish E-commerce and Tradional commerce.”
Focus Areas: Denion, characteriscs, types, scope.
Very High Probability (90–100%)
2025 Smart Predicon Table
(Based on 3-Year GNDU Paper Trend: 2022–2024)
Secon
Queson Topic
Years
Appeared
Priority
A
Challenges & Limitaons of E-Commerce
2022–24
Very High (100%)
A
Meaning, Features & Scope of E-
Commerce
2022–23
Very High (90–
100%)
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Secon
Queson Topic
Years
Appeared
Priority
B
Business Models (B2C, B2B/B2G/B2E)
2022–24
Very High (100%)
2025 GUARANTEED QUESTIONS (100% Appearance Trend)
Top 5 Must-Prepare Quesons:
1. Discuss Challenges and Limitaons of E-Commerce.
2. Explain Business to Customer (B2C) & Other Models (B2B, B2G, B2E).
BONUS HIGH-PRIORITY QUESTIONS (80–90%)
6. Disnguish E-Commerce vs Tradional Commerce.
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GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Answers
B.Com 5th Semester
E-COMMERCE
(Based on 3-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend Analysis: 2022–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Introducon & Basics of E-Commerce)
Challenges and Limitaons of E-Commerce (3 Times)
2022 (Q2), 2023 (Q2), 2024 (Q1)
This queson always appears in Secon A; examiner tests conceptual understanding
of drawbacks and barriers.
Focus Areas: Security issues, technology barriers, lack of trust, legal issues.
100% Repeon – Guaranteed for 2025
Ans: A Fresh Beginning: The Story of “ClickKart” – A Digital Dream with Real-World
Challenges
Imagine a young entrepreneur named Ravi. He always dreamed of starting his own
business but didn’t have enough money to rent a shop in the city. One day, he heard
about the power of e-commerce—how people could sell anything online without
owning a physical store. Inspired, Ravi launched his online store called ClickKart, where
he sold handmade clothes and accessories.
At first, things seemed magical—customers from different cities placed orders, money
came in digitally, and Ravi felt like he had conquered the business world. But soon,
reality knocked on his digital door. His website crashed one day, hackers tried to steal
customer data, some customers didn’t trust online payments, and he received a legal
notice regarding online tax policies he wasn’t aware of.
That’s when Ravi realized that while e-commerce offers incredible opportunities, it also
comes with serious challenges and limitations. Let’s understand these challenges—just
like Ravi experienced them—in a simple, story-like way.
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1. Security Issues – The Dark Side of the Digital World
One of the biggest fears in the e-commerce world is security. When customers shop
online, they share sensitive information such as credit card details, addresses, and
phone numbers. If this information falls into the wrong hands, it can cause huge
problems.
For instance, imagine if a hacker manages to get access to customer data from an online
store. They can misuse credit card details or even steal identities. This not only affects
customers but also destroys the store’s reputation.
Ravi’s ClickKart faced a similar issue. One night, his customers complained that their
credit card details were misused after shopping from his site. Ravi was shocked. He
realized he hadn’t invested enough in website security measures like SSL encryption,
firewalls, and secure payment gateways.
Here’s what makes security issues so serious in e-commerce:
• Hacking and Data Theft: Cybercriminals try to break into e-commerce systems to
steal user information and payment data.
• Phishing Attacks: Fake emails and websites trick users into giving away
passwords or financial details.
• Malware and Viruses: Malicious software can damage systems or steal
confidential information.
• Weak Passwords and Authentication: Many users use simple passwords, making
accounts easy targets for hackers.
To protect against these risks, e-commerce companies must use advanced encryption
technology, two-step authentication, and regular security audits. But unfortunately,
not every business—especially small ones like Ravi’s—can afford such costly measures.
2. Technology Barriers – Not Everyone Is Digitally Ready
E-commerce heavily depends on technology—the internet, computers, smartphones,
software, and digital payment systems. But what happens when technology itself
becomes a barrier?
Ravi soon realized that many of his potential customers from rural areas couldn’t place
online orders. Some didn’t have a stable internet connection, while others didn’t know
how to make online payments.
This is what we call technology barriers, and they can appear in many forms:
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• Lack of Internet Access: In developing countries, many people still don’t have
reliable or high-speed internet.
• Expensive Technology: Setting up an e-commerce website requires software,
hosting, and security systems, which can be costly for small businesses.
• Digital Illiteracy: Many users, especially older people, find online shopping
confusing. They are afraid of making mistakes or being cheated.
• Technical Glitches: Website crashes, slow loading times, and payment gateway
errors frustrate users and make them abandon their carts.
Ravi’s ClickKart once lost hundreds of customers in a single day because the website was
too slow during a festival sale. People simply moved to other, faster websites.
In short, technology can be both a blessing and a burden. For e-commerce to work
effectively, both sellers and buyers need reliable technology and digital awareness.
3. Lack of Trust – The Invisible Wall Between Buyer and Seller
Trust is the foundation of every business. In traditional markets, we meet the
shopkeeper face-to-face, touch the product, and pay only after we’re satisfied. But in e-
commerce, everything happens online—you can’t see the seller, you can’t touch the
product, and sometimes, what you see in the picture isn’t what you get.
This leads to a major challenge: lack of trust.
Ravi faced this when some customers received the wrong product or poor-quality items.
They left bad reviews, and new customers started doubting ClickKart’s reliability. Ravi
realized that without building customer trust, no amount of marketing could help his
business grow.
There are many reasons behind this trust gap in e-commerce:
• Fear of Fraud: People worry that they might pay and never receive the product.
• Quality Doubts: The actual product may differ from the online image or
description.
• Return and Refund Issues: Some websites make it difficult to return products or
get refunds, making buyers hesitant.
• Lack of Personal Connection: Customers don’t get to interact personally with
sellers, so emotional connection is missing.
To overcome this, big e-commerce platforms like Amazon and Flipkart invest heavily in
customer service, easy return policies, reviews and ratings, and secure payment
options. These steps help build a sense of safety and reliability.
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For small entrepreneurs like Ravi, offering cash-on-delivery, transparent
communication, and prompt customer support can also help reduce trust issues.
4. Legal Issues – The Rules of the Digital Marketplace
Every market—whether physical or online—has laws. But in the digital world, the legal
framework becomes more complicated because transactions often happen across cities
or even countries.
When Ravi started his online business, he didn’t know about digital tax laws, consumer
protection rights, or cybercrime rules. One day, he received a notice for not complying
with GST requirements for online sales. This was a wake-up call.
Here are some common legal challenges faced in e-commerce:
• Taxation Confusion: Different states and countries have different tax rules for
online sales. Understanding and following them can be complex.
• Consumer Protection: Customers have rights related to refunds, warranties, and
fair trade practices, which sellers must legally respect.
• Intellectual Property Issues: Using copyrighted images, brand names, or content
without permission can lead to legal action.
• Data Privacy Laws: Websites must ensure that customer data is not misused or
shared without consent.
• International Trade Regulations: Selling products across borders involves
customs, duties, and foreign laws.
To deal with these challenges, e-commerce businesses must consult legal experts,
follow data protection laws, and ensure clear policies on returns, payments, and
customer privacy.
Other Challenges Worth Noting
Besides these major four areas, e-commerce faces some additional challenges too:
• Logistics and Delivery Issues: Late or damaged deliveries can frustrate
customers.
• Competition: The online market is full of thousands of sellers offering similar
products, making it hard to stand out.
• Cultural and Language Differences: For global platforms, understanding
customer preferences in different regions is difficult.
• Dependence on Third Parties: Sellers rely on courier services, payment gateways,
and hosting providers—any failure from them affects the business.
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Conclusion – Balancing Opportunity and Responsibility
E-commerce is like a modern highway of trade—fast, convenient, and full of possibilities.
But just like highways have traffic rules, signals, and speed limits to ensure safety, e-
commerce too needs strong systems, trust, legal understanding, and technological
support to function smoothly.
Ravi’s story of ClickKart teaches us a simple truth: success in e-commerce doesn’t come
just from building a website—it comes from building trust, ensuring safety, using
reliable technology, and respecting the law.
If businesses learn to manage these challenges wisely, e-commerce will continue to
grow and connect the world—one click at a time.
In Summary:
CHALLENGE
DESCRIPTION
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
SECURITY ISSUES
Hacking, data theft, and
payment fraud
Use SSL encryption, firewalls, and
secure gateways
TECHNOLOGY
BARRIERS
Lack of internet, digital
illiteracy
Improve infrastructure, provide simple
interfaces
LACK OF TRUST
Fear of fraud and poor-
quality products
Offer return policies, reviews, COD
options
LEGAL ISSUES
Taxation, consumer rights,
data privacy
Follow laws, maintain transparency,
consult legal experts
2 . E-Commerce – Meaning, Features, and Scope (2 Times)
2022 (Q1), 2023 (Q1)
Usually asked as a start-of-paper theory queson; somemes replaced with
“Disnguish E-commerce and Tradional commerce.”
Focus Areas: Denion, characteriscs, types, scope.
Very High Probability (90–100%)
Ans: It’s a rainy evening in Delhi. A college student, Priya, is sipping chai in her hostel
room. She suddenly remembers she needs a pair of shoes for her cousin’s wedding.
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Instead of rushing to the market, she opens her phone, scrolls through Amazon,
compares prices, reads reviews, and places an order. Within two days, the shoes arrive
at her doorstep.
That simple act—buying something online—is the essence of E-Commerce. But behind
Priya’s click lies a vast world of technology, business models, and opportunities that
have reshaped the way we live, shop, and work.
Let’s walk through this story step by step: Meaning, Features, Types, and Scope of
E-Commerce—explained in a way that is simple, engaging, and examiner-friendly.
Meaning of E-Commerce
• E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) refers to the buying and selling of goods and
services using the internet.
• It involves not just shopping websites, but also online banking, ticket booking,
digital payments, and even business-to-business transactions.
• It uses electronic platforms like websites, apps, emails, and social media to
conduct trade.
Story Analogy: If traditional commerce is like a physical marketplace, e-commerce is like
a digital bazaar open 24×7, accessible from anywhere in the world.
Features / Characteristics of E-Commerce
1. Digital and Paperless
• Transactions are conducted electronically—no physical paperwork needed.
2. Global Reach
• A seller in Amritsar can sell to a buyer in New York. Borders vanish.
3. 24×7 Availability
• Unlike physical shops, e-commerce platforms never close.
4. Interactive and Personalized
• Customers can compare products, read reviews, and get personalized
recommendations.
5. Cost Efficiency
• Reduces costs of physical stores, staff, and distribution.
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6. Variety and Choice
• Customers can access thousands of products in one place.
7. Secure Digital Payments
• Uses credit cards, UPI, wallets, and net banking.
8. Automation and Speed
• Orders, billing, and delivery tracking are automated.
Story Note: Priya not only bought shoes, but also got suggestions for matching
handbags—thanks to personalization algorithms.
Types of E-Commerce
E-Commerce is not just about shopping. It has multiple models:
1. B2C (Business to Consumer)
• Businesses sell directly to consumers.
• Example: Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra.
2. B2B (Business to Business)
• Businesses sell to other businesses.
• Example: Alibaba, IndiaMART.
3. C2C (Consumer to Consumer)
• Consumers sell to other consumers using platforms.
• Example: OLX, eBay.
4. C2B (Consumer to Business)
• Individuals sell products/services to businesses.
• Example: Freelancers offering services on Fiverr, Upwork.
5. G2C (Government to Citizen)
• Government services delivered online.
• Example: Online tax filing, passport applications.
Scope of E-Commerce
The scope of e-commerce is vast and ever-expanding.
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1. Retail and Shopping
• Online marketplaces dominate consumer shopping.
2. Banking and Finance
• Net banking, UPI, Paytm, Google Pay—all are e-commerce applications.
3. Travel and Tourism
• Booking flights, trains, hotels online.
4. Education
• Online courses, e-books, digital libraries.
5. Healthcare
• Telemedicine, online pharmacy, health apps.
6. Entertainment
• Netflix, Spotify, Hotstar—digital delivery of movies and music.
7. Government Services
• E-governance portals for licenses, certificates, and payments.
8. Employment and Freelancing
• Platforms like LinkedIn, Upwork, Fiverr connect talent with employers.
Story Note: Priya’s brother books his train ticket on IRCTC, her father pays electricity
bills online, and her mother orders medicines from an app—all examples of e-commerce
in daily life.
Advantages of E-Commerce
1. Convenience of shopping anytime, anywhere.
2. Wider choice of products.
3. Lower costs for businesses and consumers.
4. Transparency through reviews and ratings.
5. Faster transactions and delivery.
Limitations of E-Commerce
1. Lack of physical touch and trial.
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2. Dependence on internet connectivity.
3. Cybersecurity risks.
4. Delivery delays in remote areas.
5. Trust issues with unknown sellers.
Recap in a Narrative Table
Aspect
Key Points
Example
Meaning
Buying & selling via internet
Amazon, Flipkart
Features
Global reach, 24×7, digital payments,
personalization
Priya’s shoe purchase
Types
B2C, B2B, C2C, C2B, G2C
Amazon, Alibaba, OLX,
Upwork, IRCTC
Scope
Retail, banking, travel, education, healthcare,
entertainment, governance
Netflix, Paytm, IRCTC
Advantages
Convenience, cost efficiency, variety
Online shopping
Limitations
No physical trial, cyber risks, delivery delays
Wrong size shoes online
Simple Diagram (Conceptual Flow)
E-COMMERCE
┌───────────────┬───────────────┐
│ │
Features Types
- Global reach - B2C, B2B
- 24x7 - C2C, C2B
- Digital payments - G2C
- Personalization
│
Scope
- Retail, Banking, Travel
- Education, Healthcare
- Entertainment, Governance
Wrapping the Story
So, the story of E-Commerce is really the story of how the world moved from crowded
bazaars to digital marketplaces.
• Meaning: Buying and selling through the internet.
• Features: Global reach, 24×7 access, personalization, secure payments.
• Types: B2C, B2B, C2C, C2B, G2C.
• Scope: Retail, banking, travel, education, healthcare, entertainment, governance.
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Final Analogy: If traditional commerce is like a physical shop in your neighborhood,
e-commerce is like a global mall in your pocket—always open, always expanding.
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